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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1739267263-9dWV0Au1sYdGQw6AZ18r3fogSYIM9dS1-0-7e47bcca71ade2199c7ce0de75717948)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1739267263-X8xQRKfycFyBLFibENf0P1k1u6iMCVil-0-8a2c503dbf7d7a662546899349360713)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1739267263-xAlLZvnVHBLpvPHcjX0QEjJahWp0JFmJ-0-b4b18d5ae6ed6b694093f50832f76526)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1739267263-svYDo2mRYI3qdWcrAae47CNT08jFnJXR-0-28ea848425364fe83777be2f2fded0ff)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1739267263-UApftNWJd5wW6sfTUtFYqphww7D2d9FN-0-60093d01e5081e43625ea6f039bf29e4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1739267263-YKcUNKoEg5Vusjr4FPYI9WKH0NddPHgx-0-9392ca3c35638826727e5389094b01af)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1739267263-IINMOFp9I1ZZf4yX3qa5SzSAVCOAtf1w-0-9da8440a2f2929f342915b36876d2c71)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1739267263-RpA3HqUmtIOdPnoUgotUG5o8OpiA78k2-0-9bd655b33337eb3e72d849124df97074)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1739267263-ORWxpjQIZK6uLXJahXlS5fzNyS92uoyr-0-7143d83139941edd790deea34ff88eaf)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1739267263-EXgpUGRTdgU4zZUVq1jZPpYLpjhdjLS1-0-7a6bdfd7f726a258178b4e8016cf1584)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1739267263-qeYaxIZAWXtl7iWiYdhIqtVWwVJnsFbA-0-f91f5176d9d589bcd155baf3a108e323)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1739267263-rlF92F46XC7kRhZm8FmctZXfzq49XeZM-0-6ad01ce030f12b60677e626f735fcaaa)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1739267263-9nEOO953GWk1tQmYHi7L0TyOFJ8zXopV-0-521c5bfd6b67033d059685ac4f10785b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1739267263-kPlCVuT9y1ov1mGE59mIu38Yb4EOyyul-0-2645f60674de9c22c4e0393f68492d6e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1739267263-mJ1zRsWOpPB6qkRayoOmtwDy9uX7ycyD-0-2f4a7a264b1bd4f63f80f506c91acc2e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1739267263-8Zkor9N32G4KVTtorBkrlGGXxNwRPcKW-0-6d8a35bfc53e9d0da8c2d287f35a037e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1739267263-YUt7xlADRVPb3cuUSVIVxWXmze4y0ThQ-0-d2e36b51b29f35c6b56f32d64d99711e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1739267263-TaLf5lwZHb4gbczCy8bTJVhiOsFpZ6tn-0-67fd9f4b913118e6fc59e7e968133137)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1739267263-Ho3ewENpOud7isopG9W0JiC0YJXrr54s-0-6d2350ae1eca6ec16c59f3db05f4b867)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1739267263-JqacawgyHCMBOqgbx20IudRbclcsFRuK-0-f1e4cc2c858b9753236896723f32a356)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1739267263-6bqr5T05vXulBZ3Zdrwn5tTH5LEqWQS2-0-2c4c86196796bdc579b11cfcfeee0525)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1739267263-HARKaJhp6atilGYOGEkB1byZgWOfugDU-0-fa7d6628914d8c610aa630f779799595)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1739267263-TAQoXIjpfY0wuHVSWyZCZwqnayGAacvM-0-b79fc4e6c44bf330748c65411687358e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1739267263-Q88YYFRMQx28my9B3Zm0mKvx7PHW4c0l-0-f2e1ee8ab735316fcf3a4f33893301aa)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1739267263-a5VVL6ph0qguBcrpkNETF4QuHtgbllJO-0-061bfca5a605612d53e54aa581e270c4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1739267263-MY3Kc7lzDHdt5xQfYs57l5ZYH4F3sxRc-0-7de8e31350028562f6de76478ce97a88)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1739267263-mahnoJ0BNNz5g1xA5I2kM6dwCWZTKco8-0-58199dfa9ff5c27615aa509d3c72c697)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1739267263-qNCp7AS3VXmkeR39FuBT3epIO93zL85h-0-c721c89b0dbfdec85a694bfb51186dfb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1739267263-lDRZgPdmIu0aDaGJgbOrhl4uuxFQl4Ah-0-857675b05b0ce5ae6312ca1de850c6b5)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1739267263-Hg39tSY5wRAaMqRGNtPcGDm26BfaJq7i-0-d9a0030b5efb198c08bb799966a175f4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1739267263-Htc8k0i2JrKmKjqPnRGpMnVXJN9yuNEo-0-44142c2a37c92764a9b56edaf53e0173)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1739267263-Vep7XFNMG6hTlSayk1ATW4ZdyWktFFeo-0-cb8f0e00b24e4aa7072c68c587a6284b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1739267263-0gFpmAuoX5tFlPUNhtadrvz1RBudSF7N-0-6a9d6af387c75e63b4bf725b965071a5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1739267263-F9oxPd6qa32oAHAbUbjS6v1yPylkpBTT-0-e006b6944ff6b7960f194a3d65db259f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1739267263-WTVgVJ5sCPNZiVCeitGDmuxPboGdOVUE-0-ba9397b0cc01c4e9cd932cb01ece1075)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1739267263-6Afid4iUFO8kaGsXv7AGPAK0FJKCbIKE-0-f1c41c4a18c9342af9fce42c4a40d3eb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1739267263-QCypOpMZ7qnvhBdE1BtZoFGP5aPUIcq0-0-e1a0217fc2a3ef08f1807d88534d39e6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1739267263-hNLTvb686I4JnmD3YExcJ7ZDS0yezs5z-0-73cc35bd7030776ea697e235992cfcee)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1739267263-pWN8b5daI2NPt8Fx5vU7oWkXMaOA6F6N-0-d9674b6cfbb03ef48eb7f56ad994c20a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1739267263-m63c0iOMOfo957IVXljHluEXCw2Ii9u1-0-19ce4f298b2a1295add8105b75b3b0a3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1739267263-rYqkbJKGLZG3MIs6TGFrvMrwV8hwVqKL-0-88f5970902fbc7f9876a1451e492d160)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1739267263-pYnth0UU5dBY96LUhaMDCNk8NHJZfy1b-0-16b2050339e95168bcf355b7f7af1e2c)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1739267263-4cMniFMIRGatxpKSI2eeBKDpfk2HDZ3f-0-f621a61761b69af7d77de9d75dde9ca5)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1739267263-184JbZPFSzE87N4Ln2obN46LBoKZWWJy-0-709a25d7083d97a3b6a1523eae9317d8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1739267263-ReX6wIowoxw7RYwoqMY2U7HJCz8R7rF4-0-983e573469e554b573721cd694cfd15c)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1739267263-pKF0oehtJZR3NOgA7wMtprw66AXK0uZq-0-8995d80d6e66515fe63d84c312f26b04)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1739267263-hdJzfBiQspqbK998lVhXCc1piemtI2Ga-0-d091df713418fc47cb921034c427bdd8)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1739267263-lCqlvAW1SOu7xFPKMqe2lMzszckTdeZT-0-4bf1cb24a295744e3ad2a6acfc5efba9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1739267263-hC0QwMk49KMprawdZOTlD4KyFBUnG1nP-0-ab73aeedf41d15acfc4a08b9e03d4204)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1739267263-miHHpmNz5Xt6Mnjopo4wPuVeO9ICdFHi-0-e8208a9781026ffa75caf69135f1812a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1739267263-B2AiNT3rQFEIu9cumiLDB7uZIVeQdlM6-0-8dee4ea02a3b414cdc99b434f36a5816)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1739267263-h67PYi6sPGjgIPL5nN0aemgR9FEsyGTc-0-c9a8b521b8d7f6d7021c637bb5ccf9c3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1739267263-nJ6YqjCpWR4BhkG65dhF9dMOKFnGBeav-0-86e99d5ca22f42c6d117afa0a465fb3d)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1739267263-bdvHL9sDRkG5HoRGPEHa2xk6PDEVrTBy-0-bc545d2938b3a6aa7ebd1198ec4849e9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1739267263-aeLInYk62IRwVLKFI4wn4EvXLlNosX3b-0-ced917efeeaa95ba3366f454e77915de)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1739267263-O7h1ttP1gEWt81WKPSHoNEzXMq4h9Oik-0-be009c9d7493e3ac07c4770f5adf6f60)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1739267263-JgbSBD42QPNL1PIb7a8cCmNmW8st5HGV-0-2bd625808cf01379a69fc2fc6ff73e4b)