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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1739266422-llWdMtZFC8CSqnUGvZpHmhQoL6uy5eFC-0-5d143be13c5b13e3c2e5c25137a3cfd0)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1739266422-qAB7YAkHqfjzXhWREEmZed7HmqVInCvb-0-c364c47e36fcaef613d09b2cd771a23f)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1739266422-dBmAHEqizBKaloN4TQ6hQXjgN2zNvU1y-0-db39b82a4bc0a38275bf3157377b5403)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1739266422-frVliPUWyz0nhOXBKqQOTWU5b0eFUHwI-0-d868b6f50383a10e1b0e6b9494a3e607)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1739266422-DZbkjoEXMHGkcIF7escK7NbcklQOqoOx-0-a3e1e3f12cea3f9f36be1614ead74c14)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1739266422-vp1YBMmwD2sZWBalf9lqP7ZaWEpUWyqd-0-47f6e2ea97f5d63175a4247fd6e8f710)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1739266422-Zzlbn6kJ2OBhbxLvmvwBpr3ZdStrus7L-0-bc1c2b8eed05b1ef9239e399abdbe194)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1739266422-nLPa3sXUt9aNWjjJv37wlmmHzUheznTe-0-f8ef4a807cb82826cf7a91051a436f85)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1739266422-96Rjt4rMoiKiR91Z8atgi1xUzND7Y1mb-0-fb5a641e447420960ecdc838ecdaddba)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1739266422-lU5YIZ2TXMz23v1mO95NInf4bQVem576-0-c2eb3307068da33b1be04d45e7c6961e)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1739266422-CzsDflAtdswuYmB5dsqTZG8067LU13PY-0-07db76c0281c7e12fa926f632528aefb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1739266422-q8APC1OOC4pE8bKYy020FLqq0ryZmcQn-0-a5023fd601ee30b993719f4ac59bde6d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1739266422-HAROau8zPA8qmCpj8HhB63kS562McWsl-0-0d6f4ca8d903ef9341e1f8961f594c71)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1739266422-2kyAI4IpMaaNGZbXMLJZjsjm79B7ynSv-0-02606ad55f0810feb9e6fc76cb2289d2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1739266422-OjiO9Gy1UDzdU0n4IZJi3KuK1qHBFm0v-0-f32dc0df0d5275b51554a6545b1283df)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1739266422-hPj3EAbdx1vZlgxTqDcIuqePQQSMFPS8-0-9f64d361dbdd1868f9a771941d528a3a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1739266422-iWYWCqJn31tZ1IufRqZEGbBxvckESh6S-0-78d999617ab9c24ce4aa3998dcd0900b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1739266422-HWiXQGBV8tkTFwdbUTi45u6H2xft4yC3-0-cc3843180c1cb9854ebec8d70e5ec1b8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1739266422-5tF8mL9nSX08U2TlNmtjszknbV1oqx8r-0-6ac670b1e4eaacb73d791ab323e65bb1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1739266422-d7nVLQyItwQ61CIVjMdlyjiSfOpe7Sag-0-0f8e65aabf5bad0f775edc88bcf1f02b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1739266422-IGW8vgx8gE8bBK8bjoRKlA5bmH8TmtLU-0-6243f0c2d617c2688b935c8776445352)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1739266422-TxwT8Fcd9fBzFNtjgKfJVtKySkoUNyii-0-5d11333e13714962701d2da7977eb46a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1739266422-QJSf4GU3ajsOSQrdc6xuJzpsM8jDqaBm-0-858e8cd715930cf3d98075bc0d4b75a6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1739266422-Ilea5tRs0mJ3hAmj4bmo78NyJkVzY8i5-0-1236e8261ba63f12c1b7e00c6fc0ac37)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1739266422-onENFnIASwrQv1fjEBhIYxgj4XhG07cA-0-633850bbb0d574c54f637da4470b3bd2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1739266422-o9fE0DuNgfEM3fRHXqQBR1MnqEUO0Jfm-0-4df4bfa642b5726a181879c7dcefc877)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1739266422-slpQvYXvhoGDqJB78LWvwHtJ2YBV2jey-0-2ec24edce6525bcb9938d37f30cb5406)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1739266422-VtFgvIlubU2HlpCxaQgFbrnVRM6FfV3j-0-0ef10c042dd09e6e0ba89396f4a9eb1f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1739266422-oEJVQwaq8I0suoWjvjhKwSGgbsIdFcWn-0-501214c09dad9353f045e1dd835ec3fe)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1739266422-9WNOLi3rouvUmySp2LGBPeTHbNkhRQsg-0-b77432ba4c5b35956f0dae276754e44a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1739266422-R4zlYQiML1417EIAH8Hu9n3HL7vxs5rd-0-f3b66d2e039d321a84cbc9c184a6bd11)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1739266422-46rYtDu5R9ZI7A5m0XTnBByhOl6G4EvW-0-0961190c26843776d7528fd08fba2f12)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1739266422-IFfd43dzbUp7GRgrAqROSFDxaITrecgb-0-ffc1950f040eb9b2cc0a3f42a61563d0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1739266422-eZGRL0IvyAN2UvOS13UjI2nH8qZqMaBg-0-d7f10d3b28cb743ece7dd5f303827d90)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1739266422-tKWOknh3kJPCVL1EhhWD88BNedeuZGUL-0-0e18f62ca1a3a5b4f359e9ee61faab7f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1739266422-SdetO9xpHIDARlrVD4O02DyZ0tSlrVw0-0-be5d4dbdd9f653746e1a080e1268e621)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1739266422-b0D3t6OGc8TRMYKnmMZgMVQssvHaw7us-0-3233f572b2b7c6d751d570680603a769)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1739266422-uuBQh7oDkqaq9WTa0lKFJ2aHWBbAoPyH-0-1a90d3d347b5a17414487bfe0676fcd1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1739266422-i5xE77drmi1fv2ZwgXJKfbNb0VPeK5h6-0-408ca5a7cdcd027e1c74f65737ab4ac3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1739266422-7No5uoEWeGZpO3mYEaO6388ZS49pRN0y-0-50eb22bfeeeab027106c7f7f5bed803b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1739266422-vtkCVl1yogCQ0rUTRtqY5fPnqTUZO1Gu-0-36ebae76f1a73aa3f9b441087e51933f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1739266422-YHu51eW6MWelzSi2PIFwK5ZRxIh5gL0H-0-54ed66606edd0917f87791f3c8b6f362)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1739266422-WHHLFVey0tyApilCwh2Zi62EnOZIq0cL-0-7b6b366a9e21b609f5a23910a62dc274)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1739266422-A9upwLnPoQWIHJfXLwjODpVQzdvk3UUj-0-fbf728cbeeda220335c5838fcbb78c26)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1739266422-lB7DF1MfW7nSldNUJ8GOYjapUo4NBAZg-0-82b36d166f5ff4ab67e464e3f0826e4f)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1739266422-weT8xGIAwjQy73O7261zeg0YVLTMbM7G-0-48c6ef2d027924fd52f1067f9383f8be)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1739266422-W2LFEkEBpvsA67CNWPIf7FgMRGPIZsQ1-0-a133ce443d1ff5dfe00de658ad39ee04)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1739266422-3547eW1oMBlOhd3i175YxppbgCx5R9b2-0-99405d47a56f4469a00230313b1f73f3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1739266422-DnEtDcqmlZ3lbDTPuebRpIlSRARWJ61B-0-93e3105cb74854455c04e4e78a98f720)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1739266422-CFiQOuD2qcLzlJ5cepQggzc1lZuxvByz-0-cc0921928954205f2d37016d938005b4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1739266422-KSc5faKoOe9zCQwJKrnuptkysmn6ZQbZ-0-3256418ccd63812001c50b701bb6df59)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1739266422-vXTzDc2KFpV7xSbmubUpoDtG8gQdPfXO-0-ab728d6ee8e7bc3772ffbd66629d8829)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1739266422-lgD4nlAC4z2pDwYJOeEZa4Rvn0LvVnka-0-d1ebb16ab1f2c1cde72903c162111a19)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1739266422-cJVPyZA1TPemYFcS9EZY0YG99UCmyOJ2-0-d2e43ab8bbbc39756e383411f37b0906)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1739266422-ib5OGjERgPHdrNeDTztpFHT64tImEGKD-0-65c65fa428f9fa2214b9d4c9f93e7f4a)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1739266422-EGLPmWFyNq72ChFLvENrRmUPpm4HZ7QQ-0-4dac03763e65b9ae9c22d20b2b5190ba)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1739266422-r24s1zceiO6OLxEYgssFDVjQIZNWtU25-0-53fac23527fb3f5bf096719379c06f74)