![深海有光:探索生物发光奥秘的生命之旅](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/175/44026175/b_44026175.jpg)
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潜水器前壮观的生物发光:好似独立日的烟花!(作者供图)
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不同物种的发光表演,从右上角起顺时针依次为:鱿鱼(魏氏钩腕乌贼,Abralia veranyi)、磷虾(北方磷虾,Meganyctiphanes norvegica)、巨口鱼(巴氏黑巨口鱼,Melanostomias bartonbeani)、水母(紫蓝盖缘水母,Periphylla periphylla)和蠕虫(磷沙蚕,Tomopteris sp.)(作者供图)
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婚礼当天的伊迪丝与大卫(供图:James Molloy)
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这是名为“纺锤梨甲藻”的鞭毛藻,上图为灯光下的形态,下图为其自身发光时(作者供图)
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作者掌中的鞭毛藻(供图:Tom Smoyer)
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准备下潜,深海的寒冷足以穿透金属潜水服,必须尽可能穿暖(作者供图)
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深海潜水服“黄蜂”,为潜至 2 000 英尺深的石油钻井平台而设计(作者供图)
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不明鮟鱇鱼(作者供图)
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深海剑状异腕虾(Heterocarpus ensifer)仿佛喷火龙,从口中向外喷射生物光(供图:Sönke Johnsen)
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从左至右:何塞·托雷斯、伊迪丝·威德、布鲁斯·罗比森(人称“罗比”),1984 年同“深海漫游者”摄于蒙特雷峡谷(供图:SEA Studios)
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这些动物腹部的发光强度与射入海水的阳光相近,从而将自己的轮廓伪装起来。北方磷虾(第一张图)之类的磷虾携有 10 个发光器官。银斧鱼(Argyropelecus,第二张图)之类的斧头鱼和蛇鼻鱼(第三张图)之类的灯笼鱼亦通过腹部复杂的发光器官结构进行反照明(作者供图)
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缅因湾的发光生物碰触SPLAT网,显示出不同深度生物发光雷区的不同特征(作者供图)200 英尺深处主要是鞭毛藻(扁形原多甲藻,Protoperidinium depressum)的活动区域
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816 英尺深处以水母为主,有一种名为球栉水母(Euplokamis sp.)的栉水母可迸发灿烂的光芒,大量生物发光粒子云穿过SPLAT网
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53 英尺深处的桡足亚纲发光层,视域约 3.28 英尺宽
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作者(左)准备从碎屑取样器中拉出一条宽咽鱼(作者供图)
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HIDEX-BP首次实地测试。从左至右:吉姆·凯斯、史蒂夫·伯恩斯坦(人称“伯尼”)、伊迪丝·威德、迈克·拉茨和丹·翁德尔钦(Dan Ondercin)(作者供图)
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HIDEX-BP的内部设计图示。右下角小图为由HIDEX-BP刺激钢丝网触发的生物发光现象,通过HIDEX-BP透明全尺寸模型拍摄(作者供图)
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宽咽鱼(作者供图)
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伊迪丝在潜水舱中操控分光计(作者供图)
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约翰逊海洋林克潜水器可搭载四人,其中一名驾驶员和一名乘客在观测球罩内,一名工作人员和另一名乘客则在潜水舱内(供图:HBOI)
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阿尔·吉丁斯(右)向菲德尔·卡斯特罗(左)介绍约翰逊海洋林克潜水器的工作原理,卡斯特罗的翻译站在他们中间(作者供图)
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发光吸盘章鱼(十字蛸)(作者供图)
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蒙特雷湾水族馆研究所的遥控潜水器正在部署“海中之眼”(作者供图)
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深海礁环冠水母(作者供图)
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礁环冠水母的发光防盗警报表现为绕气胞囊一圈的亮光
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图为电子水母的模仿效果(作者供图)
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盐卤池岸边的“海中之眼”(作者供图)
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竹珊瑚(Keratoisis flexibilis)释放出巨量黏液,一旦蹭到,就会像圣诞树一样闪亮(见小图)(作者供图)
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在电子水母被激活 86 秒后,海中之眼将这只鱿鱼拍了下来,它在当时完全是个新物种,无法归入任何已知的科学类目(作者供图)
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布兰迪·纳尔逊和伊迪丝·威德准备好在英国石油公司漏油现场附近部署“美杜莎”(供图:Sylvia Earle)
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大王乌贼考察团的三位科学工作者(从左到右):洼寺恒己、史蒂夫·奥谢和伊迪丝·威德(供图:Leslie Schwerin)
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特里同潜水器,前面的杆上挂着一个电子水母(供图:Kelvin Magee)
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“圣杯”:史上第一次以视频形式记录下野生活体大王乌贼,由美杜莎首次部署电子水母时拍摄(作者供图)
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北海巨妖:大王乌贼冲向电子水母,而后攻击了旁边的大家伙——美杜莎(作者供图)
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大王乌贼的近距离特写,显示了它拉丝铝般的神奇色彩以及硕大的眼睛(供图:NHK/NEP/Discovery Channel)
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梦海鼠(Enypniastes eximia),最初被遥控潜水器操控员称作“无头鸡海怪”。它们身体上覆盖着黏稠的蓝色生物发光颗粒,可以蹭到捕食者身上,将其变成发光的靶心(第一张图为作者供图,其余2张供图:NOAA Photo Gallery)
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一只美洲大鱿鱼被附在“特里同”潜水器前方的电子水母吸引,该潜水器在拍摄《蓝色星球II》时潜至秘鲁海岸之下(作者供图)
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美洲大鱿鱼正在篮状摄食磷虾,这两帧出自“深海漫游者”驾驶员托比·米切尔的苹果手机录像(供图:Toby Mitchell)