![清水、预制、装饰混凝土及GRC裂缝的成因、预防与处理](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/717/41398717/b_41398717.jpg)
建筑类型
1.清水混凝土建筑
2.装配式建筑
3.装饰混凝土建筑表皮
4.GRC建筑表皮
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-2LXvlR2B311cxWT77olrdxxNinyIAb77-0-a06be7c3d3621a6816615d065c2712f9)
图C-1 纽约清水混凝土超高层公寓
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-75vJYtcygv7CfJA9ADCUZrgROiFssmJd-0-4b5d78391e23f08f84b503b95b089478)
图C-2 沈阳春河里装配式高层住宅
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-VeyMQqFDTjF1cI3K4dIUh5lybi7cmTNX-0-5506b43919a5725258200ddbc9e869c7)
图C-3 加拿大卡尔加里大学装饰混凝土建筑表皮
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-y7pOX22NLLTuS4zEXE7LI2y3SnHKxejI-0-1e6409ff20645aa002c219e78424ab5e)
图C-4 装饰混凝土质感
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/2_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-O3Ry8XtavmJ0SkAtBuR8eLHrWGhV9156-0-b4a7beefabf1178605265b7d120677f0)
图C-5 张家口冬奥会体育馆GRC建筑表皮
龟裂与不规则裂缝
5.龟裂
6.不规则短裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-6qjRyohsEFvk535vaZ23Sk40M3Vp6h36-0-aaf16861020217e0b245a41673e68166)
图C-6 凝缩龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-6KwLQdnVDQhNlQel5NCilG73fsUWT3qa-0-cffeaae6deb9ab1ce95853c460863720)
图C-7 预制混凝土早期失水收缩龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-DlOzPXgdN3iBFMp6MiekcvB8Y0aOq6nt-0-fd22951f912a05098e8e0bb6e6d36c43)
图C-8 纽约吉普斯湾公寓碳化收缩龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-XDFsUDz3PT3R59h1dk4KpF1L23VZ5w5h-0-31b4a9f9da22270dd8aaf58db38a4952)
图C-9 上海喜马拉雅中心“碱-骨料反应”龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-zCKdzV7bpDboVhvAFFmTCImemse95apu-0-228025262ca87d4ddcd919690ecc4379)
图C-10 GRC龟裂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/3_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-JqNGr93FgDr7873VPyRjMQuD3a3M6n8F-0-643e5e50673cc1a828bed169c9654937)
图C-11 装饰混凝土不规则裂缝
冻融、钢筋锈蚀、装饰混凝土裂缝
7.冻融裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-XNFgRqU9RnYPKzSTcqNXSs9pQmX3mmJ8-0-a23f7eb72e81da0f4871695925b608f8)
图C-12 剥离性冻融裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-HhmClfblSGqQsQBBlJEtuHPjNz0JtIwV-0-f2448e08dcf6a5934285779004be79dd)
图C-13 装饰混凝土表面酥松冻融破坏
8.钢筋锈蚀裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-ua2MSU3V9vJWZK4pvKrqxH1bRCLr22Dc-0-6142271b380dd2ee2de9dbc766af4bc9)
图C-14 海边柱子钢筋锈蚀裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-fBDjUusfFNI4tXZE1QWNwuWMaMlEs9ua-0-5325a2bb2fdc29bde844d929c0b677ae)
图C-15 曲面混凝土墙钢筋锈蚀裂缝
9.装饰混凝土裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-yQS1TJbH8oLqPNzBmA3IgQGkDIz5DRM9-0-5c441ee83c0bd471366fe54da7755ce0)
图C-16 装饰混凝土构件穿透洞缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/4_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-tS1iJjODYbiSI0ZQnWelMqfBGHwfIdEL-0-260cc07370f9e96b85cd5836a33fc7a6)
图C-17 装饰混凝土板横向裂缝
应力集中裂缝
10.应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-EvDph0wuEiVeDpR3KNXHsmYKhlZ2Wii2-0-fd07ea42d02e93c792a075d47bc8bcdd)
图C-18 清水混凝土对拉螺栓孔应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-n0rsvzUTgaUmTVi7x649cvleTxAWAuoU-0-0d45be886f524f5d9771927f2ab8c38a)
图C-19 对拉螺栓孔连通裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-ASrU93YqdgNbHoh3ZkrhQklU5MCLSl68-0-9c6575836fc78c2852d56541868b3681)
图C-20 预留洞口应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-cFFHH81p8LjDtiReb0oKEFhKPobyOSsW-0-1268b7895493dab452eb1a9acaa88429)
图C-21 预埋件螺母应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-xqSut5LiT1HnyYVHjhCEQUkIDr0D59GJ-0-a213982294e4415bf492393a069f6f7b)
图C-22 楼梯转角应力集中裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/5_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-2Y53msbyoZFwWmjWYHEXLgg9dYAHVADw-0-4b4493701d14e87fba5fc0425134f12b)
图C-23 形体变化处应力集中裂缝
现浇混凝土墙体裂缝
11.现浇混凝土墙体裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-05USYqklsXVaJF04rMdZiNffe0XoynCK-0-1aed1b71b3f6b8e7815150717e71e33a)
图C-24 现浇清水混凝土长墙裂缝,一段距离一道裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-z1ovYDpPdzpL8wGbGXpx4Sw1sKZwulJG-0-badc5601bbcb7499d8a4f3b365f084d8)
图C-25 清水混凝土长墙严重的竖向裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-2YPQ4ZGF31BCTI3FQDwbOU1A21ZwFT7h-0-d9991889b843c11f97c8cd88f2d05508)
图C-26 端部刚性约束墙体裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-WfXklIi1tbAQZk4wFpa47KY7NaGmol0T-0-7b26c16e963da895db6130f4fbee31a9)
图C-27 清水混凝土墙体斜裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-ttRIOKXfTJiGFSeAIAeugdPRnLRFnowO-0-10d0680cb3ec69572b6415d175514f2b)
图C-28 曲面墙洞顶裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/6_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-VMR4kZU1EGiOtLSRHEASKaHwssk3sMoG-0-49af0bef743378062f0c2567bf09379d)
图C-29 墙体局部约束裂缝
现浇柱、梁、板裂缝
12.现浇柱、梁、板
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-1H735bZjHmEN2Wg7hiOUC1UoSMy3ee6B-0-3179867635f1c79c6706f4a813523aa0)
图C-30 柱子横裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-FACgIZSHtopTlRusZFjSMRuaUWcXAd5L-0-cbb8c6d5c61063c0fa306a2f9c17c68c)
图C-31 柱子横裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-tSr4cqACOMIn4gGD5lMglRz5Jw8NFShe-0-f4284bdb7adab6f4a95c7e9bb718082b)
图C-32 施工因素柱子横裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-KC8elD5W4TFHDYJnZoOsSYF9HlzcAI7k-0-54e2fd7fc640ee36c917a55dc4ab731d)
图C-33 梁裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-IZCpyJIdhrmS1ne0yXYKFOv1Hu1dvDOk-0-723a32b14573629f2b0a25721b2bc8c6)
图C-34 梁裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/7_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-oslvgoKqGcLBUOwFG2qtJZL2Q5UI6wLG-0-21bc04427752381fbdf3eefb902f72f4)
图C-35 墙板裂缝
PC构件裂缝
13.PC构件裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-35UUgwMdYlpZMEenyP3BIY9oWEWtflbd-0-f87fdb2f0725d433fb105ca90b3dae2a)
图C-36 构件脱模时裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-iXSbn6X6MjD8VsMa8ER3Z1ayxoEuRlKq-0-8464d3feffc27b9e3265e7db86beffa9)
图C-37 叠合板顶纵向裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-pZ5rWz6Rtqynpwn5lEmSDgWHTdQx2VW3-0-a5e882696b01354aacec3915e9d219b0)
图C-38 预埋管筒处裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-1j0TJG2TIdsbFeFe1ovy2NIoLyQdhzi3-0-445eae4fed289bcc9c1799b6a454d9ea)
图C-39 吊点部位裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-6tPerytrHMpc2FkWbpkSY586vnif0ecO-0-87fe0efaddd5d2604c91510f5d0aa741)
图C-40 楼梯踏角脱模裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-W4G54MDv03l75T0uYZZv2Kr8ubkdE4kO-0-420a274e220f29fbb6d4aaa8745543b4)
图C-41 存放产生的裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/8_07.jpg?sign=1738845064-czc6Iz0JrACSlD9H8sZ3WY8EBqMjsXL6-0-9aa872139482b2e57aea289bd9b0421b)
图C-42 叠合板安装后的裂缝
GRC裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_01.jpg?sign=1738845064-iKJ5CTfReDdu6hzf8HYPShMQsjnH1G58-0-7c5e4044dd1b40467edec924e4bfc94f)
图C-43 形体与节点刚性约束作用裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_02.jpg?sign=1738845064-faOpA9PRg8q4StHuacYBGbOMCc75cp4E-0-1cd088e5952dd1ceb587852b8f10b668)
图C-44 节点刚性约束裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_03.jpg?sign=1738845064-CXf1yKEHi3Cm0Xi4gYFP2QAeWZkOewen-0-2ecb7e315aaa4bfc36864bbc9c593327)
图C-45 干湿变形收缩被约束裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_04.jpg?sign=1738845064-HQz6fEEveaq8CrHyy7ZqEjoCcOGP4cVm-0-cde8b5633b2433f8c6a2fa22b6274ed4)
图C-46 主体结构变形作用斜裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_05.jpg?sign=1738845064-4QgiFp5cEy08xfUb1COu71q98RGNgFMt-0-f2130291a55b62819594d8c7df0bb888)
图C-47 构件边缘裂缝
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/18B83D/21570844201311906/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/9_06.jpg?sign=1738845064-pAaYJwNQcNffusW9DCiwHnuhEHKFo7ZM-0-1ee5574f29a51d447f42b37c768c2451)
图C-48 构件接缝裂缝