![救护师资教程(二):心肺复苏与创伤救护](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/989/33144989/b_33144989.jpg)
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三、 心肺复苏体位
如果急救人员判断患者无反应、无呼吸或是呼吸异常,将患者置于心肺复苏体位,注意对怀疑有颈椎受伤的患者,翻转身体时要使其头颈背部呈轴向转动,以免导致脊髓损伤。
(一) 救护员位置
现场急救人员位于被复苏者的一侧,宜于右侧,近胸部部位(图5)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P5_4311.jpg?sign=1739287124-qgZZicqnxnRVJ6uIf4TCzpc2IcfULutA-0-0d1ea3d4e4bc4196709e90bab5f93ffa)
图5 救护员体位
(二) 复苏体位
如果被救者处于俯卧位或其他不宜复苏体位,急救人员应在被救者的一侧,将其双上肢向头部方向伸直,将对侧小腿放于同侧的小腿上,呈交叉状。急救员再用单手托住被救者的后头枕部,另一只手放置其对侧腋下,使被救者整个身体转向急救员一侧,并置于仰卧位后,放置双上肢于身体两侧(图6a、b、c、d、e)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6a_12543.jpg?sign=1739287124-L17xHpMmTeWhijxrqZyLz0XNYog3gNtO-0-899ade30a728f465d4dcfc5c5bb771b1)
图6a 双上肢向上伸直
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6b_4347.jpg?sign=1739287124-sRWZyEykClBxIxN3RrNHBR3bOwKziF81-0-e4ad4fbf9bdff9d766ea723d8f54d2ff)
图6b 对侧腿放于同侧腿上
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6c_4348.jpg?sign=1739287124-14yguDoLNFRuFfp1EUQBHNMnj6ntJQb7-0-2bc969ca69d89c89d99e91b6759ad3f7)
图6c 一手保护头颈部,一手插入腋下
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6d_4349.jpg?sign=1739287124-EAMyQ7mz5XPYs1bNdb2aBo8rYDfTPrY9-0-4d5b266e13f081b152316f5a434d8ffc)
图6d 翻身
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P6e_4350.jpg?sign=1739287124-m20IwDdw0HTjYzlsRdbk4PyXxnd9ueSW-0-9262feedcdb09bf21ac6841c38af90dc)
图6e 上肢放于身体两侧
(三) 复原体位
1. 常规复原体位
如果在心肺复苏中或心肺复苏之后患者恢复呼吸和循环体征(有脉搏、正常呼吸、咳嗽或活动),应继续维持呼吸道通畅,此时,患者应放置于复原体位(图7a、b、c、d、e、f、g、h、i)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7a_4380.jpg?sign=1739287124-TbetXNQVmvfvpxADWoBtyGkM6hDnT8Rq-0-64b296d7c492e2038b80a9511eae285a)
图7a 救护员体位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7b_4381.jpg?sign=1739287124-JrzmXJLc2WmB0GZuv5iGKjfPXlpJyKYk-0-22615c47e30ff01cd02cf307009dd3c0)
图7b 上肢屈肘外展
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7c_4409.jpg?sign=1739287124-sSGXBhAWDurwgJY2aZKvrzqiNX44EKLi-0-7c024c79dd8becf79b015459d201c925)
图7c 上臂屈曲置于肩部
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7d_4410.jpg?sign=1739287124-La2yRU8Q94jA3bLe5P9jHL4DgSD16Dsj-0-9315d22b17d54d4407b5e48f2c61254b)
图7d 对侧膝部屈曲
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7e_12554.jpg?sign=1739287124-nOs2aqXuhT925LAGw4otWvOCwxpKnYPL-0-a63905dcc6616899bd2cb3474cbaf881)
图7e 翻转成侧卧位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7f_12555.jpg?sign=1739287124-n9TU7ZCg521fUN1Efj7O1s8rjdrbazRc-0-3aac77b145422bda95671a00cf0e5397)
图7f 面部枕于手背
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7g_4428.jpg?sign=1739287124-2WpoyCewdk8Ln9UK36zE8LupCCNO1KbG-0-4df5a8cf50b913bcf9370495478afe7e)
图7g 打开气道
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7h_4429.jpg?sign=1739287124-Z3bF5k5cjeem6U1jGTK2ba7X6IjAdOWI-0-1634aa7856c6cb3d0d01c790f3a0586c)
图7h 调整下肢位置
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P7i_4467.jpg?sign=1739287124-0NVzHNxi1Ykfv81LKeYiq3ARYPmiclJs-0-f48841f4f9cf021c14e9f7b788bca4e6)
图7i 复原体位
2. 其他复原体位(图8a、b、c)
(1)头低脚高位 适用于失血性休克患者。患者仰卧,救护员将其头部放低并偏向一侧,下肢抬高(图8a)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8a_4474.jpg?sign=1739287124-Bo2IaTb4F3I90wpVyDDCVPUJ5PVkv3Bc-0-8d888f979a8c98e0fe4fdbbdf1130f8e)
图8a 头低脚高位
(2)半卧位 适用于呼吸困难的患者(图8b)。
(3)中凹卧位 适用于休克患者。将其头及下肢抬高,有利于气道畅通和下肢静脉回流,增加回心血量(图8c)。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8b_4481.jpg?sign=1739287124-dmtufxKPdNojzn2MzkdncLjyPh1BKHbx-0-5e3d087fb754f7b2b6cc07b815ac19bb)
图8b 半卧位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C482F8/17735526607689706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/P8c_4482.jpg?sign=1739287124-GJxMjan6cvs8TzcdIRxlrOEPwel8mjBi-0-e3482adbfd176966af28e0687b908a5a)
图8c 中凹卧位